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NEW AND CONCISE METHOD 



OF RECITING 



LATIN VERBS 



ADAPTED TO ANY LATIN GRAMMAR. 



BY 



MARTIjV bahubr, a.m., 

Principal of a Classical School at Newark, New Jersey. 



9 



NEWARK, N. J.: 
MARTIN R. DENNIS, 



1875. 






Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1875, by 

MARTIN R. DENNIS, 
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington. 



John F. Trow & Son, 

PRINTERS AND BOOKBINDERS, 

205-213 East xith Street., 

NEW YORK. 



EXPLANATORY. 

I herewith present to my fellow-teachers a new and 
very simple method for testing their pupils' knowledge 
of the Latin Verb. I have nsed it in my own school 
for some time, and have found that it awakens in my 
scholars a greater interest in the subject of Latin Yerbs 
than any other plan. Its use is simple. Every mem- 
ber of the class must have the Student's Diagram be- 
fore him, when reciting (except, of course, when the 
verb is recited in regular order). The teacher then 
calls off a number from the Teacher's Diagram. The 
pupil whose turn it is to recite finds the number on his 
own diagram and mentions the corresponding form of 
the verb. The teacher, by reading the numbers in vari- 
ous* directions, can introduce a great variety in their 
order. 

The diagram will serve equally well for the Active, 
Passive and Deponent forms. Whenever a form cor- 
responding to the number called for does not occur, the 
pupil should say, "wanting." I have purposely given the 
numbers for all the persons of the Imperative, because 
frequently a great confusion exists in the mind of the 
youthful learner as to the persons of this mode. I have 
everywhere given the subjunctive of the future. It is 
generally omitted in the paradigms, but separately com- 
mented upon in the syntax. I consider a full paradigm 
more interesting to the student. 

It will be seen that the number 52 is marked with the 



IV EXPLANATORY. 

letters a and b. These are to be used with the depo- 
nent verb only, and refer respectively to the future par- 
ticiple active, and future participle passive or participle 
in dus. 

For convenience' sake I have appended a set of par- 
adigms, the derivation of tenses, and a few of the most 
frequently occurring irregular verbs. These verbs should 
be carefully committed, and may be used with the dia- 
grams for practice. 

M. Bahlek. 
Newakk, N. J., March, 1875. 



STUDENT'S DIAGRAM 



The pupil must have this page before him while the 
teacher is calling off the numbers from his diagram. 



[Indicative Mode. 


Imperative Mode. 


PLUPERFECT TENSE. 


PRESENT TENSE. 


FIRST FORM. 


65 


1 


37 


66 


2 


38 


67 


3 


39 


68 


4 


40 


69 


5 


41 


70 


6 


42 


FUTURE PERF. TENSE 


IMPERFECT TENSE. 


SECOND FORM. 


71 


7 


43 


72 


8 


44 


73 


9 


45 


74 


10 


46 


75 


11 


47 


76 


12 


48 


Subjunctive Mode. 


FUTURE TENSE. 


Infinitive Mode. 


PERFECT TENSE. 


13 


PRESENT TENSE. 


77 


14 


49 


78 


15 




79 

80 


16 


FUTURE TENSE. 


17 


50 


81 - 


18 


Participles. 


82 


Subjunctive Mode. 


PRESENT PART. 


PLUPERFECT TENSE, 


PRESENT TENSE. 
19 
20 
21 

22 
23 
24 

IMPERFECT TENSE. 


51 
FUTURE PART. 

52, a, b. 

GERUND. 

53 
54 

55 


83 
84 
85 
86 
87 
88 

FUTURE PERF. TENSE 


25 


56 


89 


26 




90 


27 


SUPINE, 


91 


28 


57 


92 


29 


58 


93 


30 


Indicative Mode. 


94 


FUTURE TENSE. 

31 


PERFECT TENSE. 
59 


Infinitive Mode. 


PERFECT TENSE. 


32 


60 


95 


33 
34 


61 
62 


Participle. 


35 


63 


PERFECT PART. 


m 


64 


96 



TEACHER'S DIAGRAM, 



When the teacher has called off a number, the pupil 
whose turn it is to recite finds the number on his dia- 
gram and mentions the corresponding form of the verb. 
The teacher, by reading down, up, to the right, to the 
left, diagonally, etc., can introduce an infinite variety in 
the order of the numbers. 



28. 


54. 


10. 


67. 14. 


40. 


84. 


17. 


42. 


26. 


35. 


44. 53. 


62. 


71. 


80. 


73. 


3. 


82. 


12. 91. 


21. 


58. 


66. 


74. 


90. 


2. 


18. 34. 


50. 


89. 


33. 


57. 


81. 


49. 


1. | 9. 


25. 


41. 


65. 


96. 


8. 


88. 


16. 72. 


24. 


64. 


32. 


56. 


48. 


95. 


78. 


61. 


a. b. 
52. 


93. 


69. 


29. 
19. 
15. 


13. 

4. 

36. 


87. 


7. 


60. 


6. 


75. 


92. 


86. 
46. 


51. 
76. 


43. 

20. 


38. 
11. 


55. 
39. 


31. 
79. 


63. 


47. 


23. 


94. 70. 


30. 


83. 


22. 


5. 


?-!. 


37. 


45. 59. 


68. 


77. 


85. 



Conjugation of the Verb Esse, to be. Principal 
Fui. 



Parts : Sum, Esse, 

Indicative Mode. 

PRESENT TENSE. 

Sum, 

Es, 

Est, 

Sumus, 

Estis, 

Sunt. 

IMPERFECT TENSE. 

Eram, 

Eras, 

Erat, 

Eramus, 

Eratis, 

Erant. 

FUTURE TENSE. 

Ero, 

Eris, 

Erit, 

Erimus, 

Eritis, 

Erunt. 

Subjunctive Mode. 

PRESENT TENSE. 

Sim, 

Sis, 

Sit, 

Simus, 

Sitis, 

Sint. 

IMPERFECT TENSE. 

Essem, 

Esses, 

Esset, 

Essemus, 

Essetis, 

Essent. 



FUTURE TENSE. 
Futtlrus sim, 
Futurus sis, 
Futurus sit, 
Futuri simus, 
Futuri sitis, 
Futuri sint. 

Imperative Mode. 

FIRST FORM. 



2 es, 



este, 



SECOND FORM. 



esto, 
esto, 



4 
5 

6 

1 
2 
3 
1 

2 estote, 

3 sunto. 

Infinitive Mode. 

PRESENT TENSE. 

Esse. 

FUTURE TENSE. 

Futurum esse or fore. 
Participle. 

FUTURE PART. 
Futurus. 
Indicative Mode. 

PERFECT TENSE. 

Fui, 

Fuisti, 

Fuit, 

Fuimus, 

Fuistis, 

Fuerunt or ere. 



PLUPERFECT TENSE. 

Fueram, 

Fueras, 

Fu6rat, 

Fueramus, 

Fueratis, 

Fuerant. 

FUTURE PERF. TENSE 

Fuero, 

FuSris, 

Fuerit, 

Fuerimus, 

Fueritis, 

Fu6rint. 

Subjunctive Mode. 

PERFECT TENSE. 
Fuerim, 
FuSris, 
Fuerit, 
Fuerimus, 
Fueritis, 
Fuerint. 

PLUPERFECT TENSE. 

Fuissem, 

Fuisses, 

Fuisset, 

Fuissemus, 

Fuissetis, 

Fuissent. 

FUTURE PERF. TENSE 

Fuerim, 

Fueris, 

Fuerit, 

Fuerimus, 

Fueritis, 

Fugrint. 

Infinitive Mode, 

PERFECT TENSE. 

Fuisse. 






First Conjugation ; Active Yoice. Principal Parts : 
Amo, Amare. Amavi, Amatum, to love. 



Indicative Mode. 

PRESENT TENSE. 

Amo, 

Amas, 

Ainat, 

Amamus, 

Amatis, 

Amant. 

IMPERFECT TENSE. 
Amabam, 
Amabas, 
Amabat, 
Amabamus, 
Amabatis, 
Amabant. 

FUTURE TENSE. 

Amabo, 

Amabis, 

Amabit, 

Amabimus, 

Amabitis, 

Amabunt. 

Subjunctive Mode. 

PRESENT TENSE. 

Amem, 

Ames, 

Amet, 

Amemus, 

Ametis, 

Ament. 

IMPERFECT TENSE. 
Amaxem, 
Amares, 
Ainaret, 
Amaremus, 
Amarctis, 
Amarent. 

FUTURE TENSE. 

Amaturus sim, 
Amaturus sis, 
Amaturus sit, 
Amaturi simus, 
Amaturi sitia, 
Amaturi Bint. 



Imperative Mode. 

FIRST FORM. 

2 am a, 
2 amate, 



SECOND FORM. 

2 amato, 

3 amato, 

2 amatote, 

3 amanto. 

Infinitive Mode* 

PRESENT TENSE. 
Amare. 

FUTURE TENSE. 

Amaturum esse. 
Participles. 

PRESENT PART. 
Amans. 

FUTURE PART. 
Amaturus. 

GERUND. 

Gen. am audi, 
Dat. amando, 
Ace. amandum, 
Abl. amando. 

SUPINE. 
Amatum, 
Amatu. 
Indicative Mode. 

PERFECT TENSE. 
Amavi, 
Amavisti, 
Amilvit, 
Amavimus, 
Amavistis, 
Amaverunt or vere. 



PLUPERFECT TENSE. 

Amaveram, 

Amaveras, 

AmavSrat, 

Amaveramus, 

Amaveratis, 

Amaverant. 

FUTURE PERF. TENSE 

Amavero, 

Amaveris, 

Amaverit, 

Amaverimus, 

Amaveritis, 

Amaverint. 

Subjunctive Mode. 

PERFECT TENSE. 

AmavSrini, 

Amaveris, 

Amaverit, 

Amaverimus, 

Amaveritis, 

Amaverint. 

PLUPERFECT TENSE. 

Amavissem, 

Amavisses, 

Amavisset, 

Ainavissemus, 

Amavissetis, 

Amavissent. 

FUTURE PERF. TENSE 

AmavGrim, 

Amaveris, 

Amaverit, 

Amaverimus, 

Amaveritis, 

Amaverint. 

Infinitive Mode. 

PERFECT TENSE. 

Amavisse. 



9 



First Conj ligation ; Passive Voice. 
Amor, Amari, Amatus sum. 



Indicative Mode. 

PRESENT TENSE. 
Amor, 
Am axis, 
Amatur, 
Amamur, 
Amammi, 
Arnantur. 

IMPERFECT TENSE. 
Amabar, 
Amabaris, 
Amabatur, 
Amabamur, 
Amabamini, 
Amabantur. 

FUTURE TENSE. 
Amabor, 
Amaberis, 
AmabTtur, 
Amabimur, 
Amabimmi, 
Amabuntur. 

Subjunctive Mode. 

PRESENT TENSE. 

Amer, 

Ameris, 

Ametur, 

Amemur, 

Amemini, 

Amentur. 
IMPERFECT TENSE. 

Amarer, 

Amareris, 

Amaretur, 

Amaremur, 

Amaremini, 

Amarentur. 

FUTURE TENSE. 

Futurum jsit ut amer, 

Futurum sit ut ame- 
ris, 

Futurum sit ut ame- 
tur, &c. 



Imperative Mode. 

FIRST FORM. 

2 amare, 
1 — 



2 amammi, 



SECOND FORM. 



1 

2 amator, 

3 amator, 

3 Amantor. 

Infinitive Mode. 

PRESENT TENSE. 
Amari. 

FUTURE TENSE. 

Amatum iri. 

Participle. 

FUTURE PART. 

Amandus. 

Indicative Mode. 

PERFECT TENSE. 
Amatus sum, 
Amatus es, 
Amatus est, 
Amati sumus, 
Amati estis, 
Am5ti sunt. 

PLUPERFECT TENSE. 

Amatus eram, 
Amatus eras, 
Amatus erat, 
Amati eramus, 
Amati eratis, 
Amati eraut. 



Principal Parts : 



FUTURE PERF. TENSE 

Amatus ero, 
Amatus eris, 
Amatus erit, 
Amati enmus, 
A.mati eritis, 
Amati erunt. 

Subjunctive Mode* 

PERFECT TENSE. 

Amatus sim, 
Amatus sis, 
Amatus sit, 
Amati simus, 
Amati sitis, 
Amati siut. 

PLUPERFECT TENSE. 

Amatus essem, 
Amatus esses, 
Amatus esset, 
Amati essemus, 
Amati essetis, 
Amati esseut. 

FUTURE PERF. TENSE 

Amatus sira, 
Amatus sis, 
Amatus sit, 
Amati simus, 
Amati sitis, 
Amati sint. 

Infinitive Mode. 

PERFECT TENSE. 

Amatum esse. 
Participle. 

PERFECT PART. 

Amatus. 



10 



Second Conjugation ; Active Yoice 
MoneOj Monere 3 Monui, Monitum, to 

Imperative Mode. 



Indicative Mode. 

PRESENT TENSE. 
Moneo, 
Mones, 
Monet, 
Monemus, 
Monetis, 
Monent. 

IMPERFECT TENSE. 
Monebam, 
Monebas, 
Monebat, 
Monebamus, 
Monebatis, 
Monebant. 

FUTURE TENSE. 
Monebo, 
Monebis, 
Monebit, 
MonebTmus, 
Monebitis, 
Monebunt. 
Subjunctive Mode. 

PRESENT TENSE. 

Moneam, 

Moneas, 

Moneat, 

Moneamus, 

Moneatis, 

Moneant. 

IMPERFECT TENSE. 
Monerem, 
Moneres, 
Moneret, 
Moneremus, 
Moneretis, 
Monerent. 

FUTURE TENSE. 
Moniturus sim, 
Moniturus sis, 
Moniturus sit, 
Monituri simus, 
Monituri sitis, 
Monituri sint. 



FIRST FORM. 

2 mone, 

3 

1 

2 monete, 
3 



SECOND FORM. 

2 monefco, 

3 moneto, 

2 monetote, 

3 monento. 

Infinitive Mode. 

PRESENT TENSE. 
Monere. 

FUTURE TENSE. 

Moniturum esse. 
Participles. 

PRESENT PART. 
Monens. 

FUTURE PART. 
Moniturus. 

GERUND. 

Glen, monendi, 
Dat. monendo, 
Ace. monendum, 
Abl. monendo. 
SUPINE. 

Monitum, 
Momtu. 

Indicative Mode. 

PERFECT TENSE. 
Monui, 
Monuisti, 
Monuit, 
MonuYmus, 
Monuistis, 
Monuerunt or ere. 



, Principal Parts : 
remind. 

PLUPEREECT TENSE. 

Monueram, 

Monueras, 

Monuerat, 

Moniieramus, 

Monueratis, 

Monuerant. 

FUTURE PERF. TENSE 

Monuero, 

Monueris, 

MonuSrit, 

Monuenmus, 

Monueritis, 

Monuerint. 

Subjunctive Mode. 

PERFECT TENSE. 

Monuerim, 

Monueris, 

Monu6rit, 

Monuerimus, 

Monueritis, 

Monuerint. 

PLUPERFECT TENSE. 

Monuissem, 

Monuisses, 

Monui sset, 

Monuissemus, 

Monuissetis, 

Monuissent. 

FUTURE PERF. TENSE 

Monuerim, 

Monueris, 

Monu6rit, 

Monuerimus, 

Monueritis. 

Monuerint. 

Infinitive Mode. 

PERFECT TENSE. 

Monuisse. 



11 



Second Conjugation ; Passive Yoice. Principal Parts : 
Moneor, Moneri, Monitus sum. 



Indicative Mode. 

PRESENT TENSE. 
Moneor, 
Moneris, 
Monetur, 
Moncmur, 
• Monemini, 
Monentur. 

IMPERFECT TENSE. 
Monebar, 
Monebaris, 
Monebatur, 
Monebamur, 
Monebamini, 
Monebantur. 

FUTURE TENSE. 
Monebor, 
Moneberis, 
Monebitur, 
Monebiniur, 
Monebimmi, 
Monebuntur. 

Subjunctive Mode. 

PRESENT TENSE. 
Monear, 
Monearis, 
Moneatur, 
Moneamur, 
Moneamini, 
Moneantur. 

IMPERFECT TENSE. 
Monerer, 
Monereris, 
Moneretur, 
Moneremur, 
Moneremini, 
Monerentur. 

FUTURE TENSE. 
Futurum sit ut mo- 
near, 
Futurum sit ut mo- 
nearis. 

&c. • 



Imperative Mode. 

FIRST FORM. 




SECOND FORM. 

1 

2 Monetor, 

3 Monetor, 

2 

3 Monentor. 

Infinitive Mode. 

PRESENT TENSE. 
Moneri. 

FUTURE TENSE. 
Monitum iri. 

Participle. 

FUTURE PART. 

Monendus. 
Indicative Mode. 

PERFECT TENSE. 

Monitus sum, 
Monitus es, 
Monitus est, 
Moniti sumus, 
Moniti estis, 
Moniti sunt. 

PLUPERFECT TENSE. 

Monitus eram, 
Monitus eras, 
Monitus erat, 
Moniti eramus, 
Moniti eratis, 
Moniti erant. 



FUTURE PERF. TENSE 

Monitus ero, 
Monitus eris, 
Monitus erit, 
Moniti erimus, 
Moniti erTtis, 
Moniti erunt. 

Subjunctive Mode 

PERFECT TENSE. 

Monitus sim, 
Monitus sis, 
Monitus sit, 
Moniti simus, 
Moniti sitis, 
Moniti sint. 

PLUPERFECT TENSE. 

Monitus essem, 
Monitus esses, 
Monitus esset, 
Moniti essemus, 
Moniti essetis, 
Moniti essent. 

FUTURE PERF. TENSE 

Monitus sim, 
Monitus sis, 
Monitus sit, 
Moniti simus, 
Moniti sitis, 
Moniti sint. 

Infinitive Mode. 

PERFECT TENSE. 

Monitum esse. 
Pai'ticiple. 

PERFECT PART. 

Monitus. 



12 



Third Conj ligation ; Active Voice. 
Ago, Agere, Egi, Actum, to act. 






Indicative Mode. 

PRESENT TENSE. 

Ago, 

Agis, 
Agit, 

Agimus, 

Agltis, 

Agunt. 

IMPERFECT TENSE. 
Agebam, 
Agebas, 
Agebat, 
Agebam us, 
Agebatis, 
Agebant. 

FUTURE TENSE. 
Agam, 
Ages, 
Aget, 
Agenxus, 
Agetis, 
Agent. 

Subjunctive Mode. 

PRESENT TENSE. 
Agam, 
Agas, 
Agat, 
Agamus, 
Agatis, 
Agant. 

IMPERFECT TENSE. 
Agerem, 

AgGres, 

AgGret, 

Ageremus, 

Ageretis, 

Agerent. 

FUTURE TENSE. 
Acturua sim, 
Acturua sia, 
Acturua ait, 
Acturi aimus, 
Acturi sitia, 
Acturi sint. 



Imperative Mode. 

FIRST FORM. 



2 age, 



2 agite, 
3 



SECOND FORM. 

2 agito, 

3 agito, 

2 agitote, 

3 agunto. 

Infinitive Mode. 

PRESENT TENSE. 

Agere. 

FUTURE TENSE. 

Acturum esse. 
Participles. 

PRESENT PART. 

Agens. 

FUTURE PART. 
Acturus. 

GERUND. 

Gen. agendi, 
Dat. agendo, 
Ace. agendum, 
Abl. agendo. 

SUPINE. 
Actum, 
Actu. 

Indicative Mode. 

PERFECT TENSE. 

Egi, 

Egisti, 
Egit, 
Egimus, 
Egistia, 
Egerunt or ere. 



Principal Parts 



PLUPERFECT TENSE. 

Egeram, 

Egeraa, 

Egerat, 

Egeramua, 

Egeratis, 

Egerant. 

FUTURE PERF. TENSE 

EgSro, 
Egeria, 
EgSrit, 

Egerimus, 

Egeritis, 

Egerint. 

Subjunctive Mode. 

PERFECT TENSE. 

Egerim, 

EgCris, 

Egerit, 

Egerimus, 

Egeritis, 

EgGrint.' 

PLUPERFECT TENSE. 

Egissem, 

Egisses, 

Egisset, 

Egisaemus, 

Egissetis, 

Egissent. 

FUTURE PERF. TENSE 

EgGrim, 

Egeris, 

EgGrit, 

Egerimus, 

Egeritis, 

EgGrint. 

Infinitive Mode. 

PERFECT TENSEf. 

Egisae. 



13 



Third Conjugation ; Passive Yoice. Principal Parts: 
Agor, Agi, Actus sum. 



Indicative Mode. 


Imperative Mode. 


FUTURE PERF. TENSE 


PRESENT TENSE. 


FIRST FORM. 


Actus ero, 


Agor, 


1 


Actus eris, 


Ageris, 


2 agSre, 


Actus erit, 


Agitur, 


3 


Acti erimus, 


Agimur, 


1 


Acti eritis, 


Agimmi, 


2 agimmi, 


Acti erunt. 


Aguntur, 


3 




IMPERFECT TENSE. 


SECOND FORM. 


Subjunctive Mode. 


Agebar, 


1 




Agebaris, 


2 agitor, 


PERFECT TENSE. 


Agebatur, 


3 agitor, 


Actus sim, 


Agebamur, 


1 


Actus sis, 


Agebaraini, 


2 


Actus sit, 


Agebantur. 


3 aguntor. 


Acti simus, 


FUTURE TENSE. 


Infinitive Mode. 


Acti sitis, 


Agar, 




Acti sint. 


Ageris, 


PRESENT TENSE. 






PLUPERFECT TENSE. 


Agetur, 


Agi. 




Agemur, 


FUTURE TENSE. 


Actus essem, 


Agemini, 
Agentur. 


Actum iri. 


Actus esses, 
Actus esset, 


Subjunctive Mode. 


Participle. 


Acti essemus, 
Acti essetis, 


PRESENT TENSE. 


FUTURE PART. 


Acti essent. 


Agar, 


Agendus. 


FUTURE PERF. TENSE 


Agaris, 


Indicative Mode. 




Agatur, 




Actus sim, 


Agamur, 


PERFECT TENSE. 


Actus sis, 


Agamini, 


Actus sum, 


Actus sit 7 


Agantur. 


Actus es, 


Acti simus', 


IMPERFECT TENSE. 
Agerer, 
Agereris, 
Ageretur, 


Actus est, 
Acti sumus, 
Acti estis, 
Acti sunt. 


Acti sitis, 
Acti sint. 

Infinitive Mode. 


Ageremur, 


PLUPERFECT TENSE. 


PERFECT TENSE. 


Agereniini, 
Agerentur. 


Actus eram, 
Actus eras, 


Actum esse. 


FUTURE TENSE. 


Actus erat, 


Participle. 


Futurum sit ut agar. 
Futurum sit ut agaris, 


Acti eramus, 
Acti eratis, 


PERFECT PART. 


&c. 


Acti erant. 


Actus. 



u 



Fourth Conjugation ; Active Yoice. Principal Parts 



Audio, Audire, Audivi, Auditum, to hear, 



Indicative Mode. 

PRESENT TENSE. 
Audio, 
Audis, 
Audit, 
Audimus, 
Auditis, 
Audiunt. 

IMPERFECT TENSE. 
Audiebani, 
Audiebas, 
Audiebat, 
Audiebamus 
Audiebatis, 
Audiebant. 

FUTURE TENSE. 
Audiam, 
Audies, 
Audiet, 
Audiemus, 
Audietis, 
Audieut. 

Subjunctive Mode. 

PRESENT TENSE. 
Audiam, 
Audias, 
Audiat, 
Audiamus, 
Audiatis, 
Audiant. 

IMPERFECT TENSE. 
Audlrem, 
Audires, 
Audiret, 
Audiremus, 
Audiretis, 
Audlrcnt. 

FUTURE TENSE. 
Auditurus sim, 
An (litmus sis, 
Auditurus sit, 
Audituri simus, 
Audituri sitis, 
Audituri sint. 



Imperative Mode. 

FIRST FORM. 
1 

2 audi, 
3 

2 audite, 

SECOND FORM. 

2 audito, 

3 audito, 

1 

2 auditote, 

3 audiunto. 

Infinitive Mode. 

PRESENT TENSE. 
Audire. 

FUTURE TENSE. 

Auditurum esse. 
Participles. 

PRESENT PART. 

Audiens. 

FUTURE PART. 
Auditurus. 

GERUND. 

Gen. audiendi, 
Dat. audiendo, 
Ace. audiendum, 
Abl. audiendo. 
SUPTNE. 

Auditum, 
Auditu. 

Indicative Mode. 

PERFECT TENSE. 
Audivi, 
Audivisti, 
AudTvit, 
Audivimus, 
Audivistis, 
Audiverunt or ere. 



PLUPERFECT TENSE. 

Audiveram, 

Audiveras, 

Audiverat, 

Audiveramus, 

Audiveratis, 

Audiverant. 

FUTURE PERF. TENSE 

Audivero, 

Audiveris, 

Audiverit, 

Audiverimus, 

Audiveritis, 

Audiverint. 

Subjunctive Mode. 



PERFECT TENSE. 

Audiverim, 

Audiveris, 

Audiverit, 

Audiverimus, 

Audiveritis, 

Audiverint. 

PLUPERFECT TENSE. 

Audivissem, 

Audivisses, 

Audivisset, 

Audivissemus, 

Audivissetis, 

Audivissent. 

FUTURE PERF. TENSE 

Audiverim, 

Audiveris, 

AudivCrit, 

Audiverimus, 

Audiveritis, 

Audiverirint. 

Infinitive Mode. 

PERFECT TENSE. 

Audivisse. 



15 



Fourth Conjugation ; Passive Yoice. Principal Parts : 
Audi or, Audiri, Auditus sum. 



Indicative Mode. 

PRESENT TENSE. 
Audior, 
Audlris, 
Audltur, 
Audlmur, 
Audimini, 
Audiuntur. 

IMPERFECT TENSE. 
Audiebar, 
Audiebaris, 
Audiebatur, 
Audiebamur, 
Audiebamini, 
Audiebantur. 

FUTURE TENSE. 
Audiar, 
Audieris, 
Audietur, 
Audiemur, 
Audiemini, 
Audientur. 

Subjunctive Mode. 

PRESENT TENSE. 
Audiar, 
Audiaris, 
Audiatur, 
Audiamur, 
Audiamini, 
Audiantur. 

IMPERFECT TENSE. 
Audlrer, 
Audireris, 
Audiretur, 
Audireinur, 
Audiremmi, 
Audirentur. 

FUTURE TENSE. 
Futurum sit ut audiar. 
Futurum sit ut audia- 
ris, &c. 



Imperative Mode. 

FIRST FORM. 



2 audlre, 

3 — 

1 



2 audimini, 

SECOND FORM. 



2 auditor, 

3 auditor, 
1 

2 



3 Audiuntor. 
Infinitive Mode. 

PRESENT TENSE. 
Audiri. 

FUTURE TENSE. 
Auditum iri. 
Participle. 

FUTURE PART. 

Audiendus. 

Indicative Mode. 

PERFECT TENSE. 
Auditus sum, 
Auditus es, 
Auditus est, 
Auditi sumus, 
Audlti estis, 
Auditi sunt. 

PLUPERFECT TENSE. 
Auditus eram, 
Auditus eras, 
Auditus erat, 
Auditi eramus, 
Auditi eratis, 
Auditi erant. 



FUTURE PERF. TENSE 

Auditus ero, 
Auditus eris, 
Auditus erit, 
Auditi erimus, 
Auditi eritis, 
Auditi erunt. 



Subjunctive Mode. 

PERFECT TENSE. 

Auditus sim, 
Auditus sis, 
Auditus sit, 
Auditi simus, 
Auditi sitis, 
Auditi sint. 

PLUPERFECT TENSE. 

Auditus essem, 
Auditus esses, 
Auditus esset, 
Auditi essemus, 
Auditi essetis, 
Auditi essent. 

FUTURE PERF. TENSE 

Auditus sim, 
Auditus sis, 
Auditus sit, 
Auditi simus, 
Auditi sitis, 
Auditi sint. 

Infinitive Mode. 

PERFECT TENSE. 

Auditum esse. 

Participle. 

PERFECT PART. 

Auditus. 



16 



Deponent Verb of the First Conjugation. Principal 
Parts : Hortor. Hortari, Hortatus sum, to exhort. 



Indicative Mode. 


Iniperative Mode. 


PLUPERFECT TENSE. 


PRESENT TENSE. 


FIRST FORM. 


Hortatus eram, 


Hortor, 




1 


Hortatus eras, 


Hortaris, 




2 hortare, 


Hortatus erat, 


Hortatur, 




3 


Hortati eramus, 


Hortamur, . 




1 


Hortati eratis, 


Hortammi, 




2 bortamini, 


Hortati erant. 


Hortantur. 




3 








SECOND FORM. 


FUTURE PERF. TENSE 


IMPERFECT TENSE. 


1 ■ 


Hortatus ero, 


Hortabar, 




2 hortator, 


Hortatus eris, 


Hortabaris, 




3 hortator, 


Hortatus erit, 


Hortabatur, 




1 


Hortati erimus, 


Hortabamur, 




2 


Hortati eritis, 


Hortabammi, 




3 hortantor. 


Hortati erunt. 


Hortabantur. 




Infinitive Mode. 


Subjunctive Mode. 


FUTURE TENSE. 


PRESENT TENSE. 


PERFECT TENSE. 


Hortabor, 




Hortari. 


Hortatus sim, 


Hortaberis, 




FUTURE TENSE. 


Hortatus sis, 


Hortabitur, 
Hortabimur, 




Hortaturum esse. 


Hortatus sit, 
Hortati simus, 


Hortabimini, 




Participles. 


Hortati sitis, 


Hortabuntur. 




PRESENT PART. 


Hortati sint. 


Subjunctive Mode. 


Hortans. 


PLUPERFECT TENSE. 






FUT. PART. ACT. 


Hortatus essem, 


PRESENT TENSE. 


Hortaturus. 


Hortatus esses, 


Horter, 






Hortatus esset, 


Horteris, 




FUT. PART. PASS. 


Hortati essemus, 


Hortetur, 




Hortandus. 


Hortati essetis, 


Hortemur, 




GERUND. 


Hortati essent. 


HortemTni 




.Gen. hortaudi, 




Hortentur. 




Dat. hortando, 


FUTURE PERF. TENSE 






Ace. liortandum, 


Hortatus sim, 


IMPERFECT TENSE. 


Abl. hortando. 


Hortatus sis, 


Hortarer, 




SUPINES. 


Hortatus sit, 


Hortareris, 




Hortatum, 


Hortati simus, 


Hortaretur, 




Hortatu. 


Hortati sitis, 


Hortaremur. 




Indicative Mode. 


Hortati sint. 


Hortaremini, 
Hortarentur. 




PERFECT TENSE. 


Infinitive Mode* 






Hortatus sum, 


PERFECT TENSE. 


FUTURE TENSE. 


Hortatus es, 


Hortatum esse. 


Futurum sit 


ut hor- 


Hortatus est, 




ter, 




Hortati sumus, 


Participle. 


Futurum sit 


ut hor- 


Hortati estis, 


PERFECT PART. 


teris, &c. 




Hortati sunt. 


Hortatus. 



ENDINGS AND DERIVATION OF TENSES. 



The stem of a verb of the first, second or fourth con- 
j ligation is found by removing the ending re from the 
Present Infinitive Active. In the third conjugation 
we must remove ere. Ama-re, mone-re, ag-ere, audi -re. 

The last letter of the stem (characteristic) is always a 
in the first, e in the second, I in the fourth, and a con- 
sonant or u in the third conjugation. 

The personal endings are the following : 

ACTIVE. PASSIVE. 

o, m. or, r. 

s. ris, re. 

t. tur. 

nius. mur. 

tis. mini, 

nt. ntur. 

How these endings are applied to the stem or to the 
increased stem may be best seen from the paradigms. 

In the first person singular of the Present Indica- 
tive of the first conjugation the characteristic is drop- 
ped before o and or. Amo, not amao ; amor, not 
amaor. 

In the same tense the third conjugation uses a con- 
necting-vowel before the endings, except in the first per- 
son singular. The vowel is i except in the third person 
plural, where it is u. This u is also used in the cor- 



• 



18 

responding form of the fourth conjugation. Ag-o, ag-i-s, 
ag-i-t, &c, ag-u-nt, audi-u-nt. 

The I verbs of the third conjugation (capere, cnpere, 
facere, &c.) assume an i after the stem in the first per- 
son singular and third plural of the Present Indicative, 
in the Present Subjunctive, in the Imperfect and Fu- 
ture Indicative, in the Present Part., in the Gerund, 
and in the Future Part. Act. and Pass. 

In the Perfect Indicative Active the endings vary a 
little from those given above. 

The endings for the Imperative are as follows : 

ACTIVE. PASSIVE. 

FIRST FORM. 

1 1 

2 like the stem. 2 re. 

3 3 

1 1 

2 te. 2 mini. 

3 3 

SECOND FORM. 

1 1 

2 to. 2 tor. 

3 to. 3 tor. 

1 1 

2 tote. 2 



3 nto. 3 ntor. 

These endings are applied exactly as the endings in 
the Present Indicative. Consequently if any connect- 
ing vowels are used in the Present Indicative, they mast 
also be used here. 

What is said of the second person singular, First 



19 

Form Imp. Act. only applies, for the third conjugation, 
to the verbs dicere. ducere, facere and ferre. The 
others add an e to the stem. 

In giving the formation of the tenses, we shall only 
consider the active voice. The passive can easily be 
found by changing the endings. 

The Imperfect Indicative adds bam to the stem in 
the first and second, and ebam in the third and fourth 
conjugations. 

The Future Indicative adds bo to the stem in the 
first and second conjugations, and inflects as the Present 
Indicative of the third. It adds am in the third and 
fourth conjugation, but changes a into e for the rest of 
the tense. 

The Present Subjunctive adds m to the stem in the 
first conjugation, but changes the a everywhere into e. 
It adds am to the stem in the other conjugation, keep- 
ing the a throughout. 

The Imperfect Subjunctive adds m to the Present 
Infinitive Active. 

The Future Participle Active is formed from the 
Supine by changing m into rus, and the Future Parti- 
ciple Passive by changing m into s. 

The Future Subjunctive consists of the Future Parti- 
ciple Active together with the Present Subjunctive of 
esse. In the Passive an impersonal construction must 
be used, as seen in the paradigms. 

The formation of the rest of the verb can be most 
easily learned from the paradigms. 



PRINCIPAL PARTS OF A FEW IRREGUL AR VERBS. 



FIRST CONJUGATION. 

Crepo, crepui, crepitum, to make a noise. 

Ctibo, ciibui, cubitum, to lie down. 

Do, dedi, datum, to give. 

Domo, domui, domitum, to subdue. 

Seco, secui, sectum, to cut. 

Sono, sonui, sonitum, to sound. 

Sto, steti, statum, to stand. 

Yeto, vetui, vetitum, to forbid. 



SECOND CONJUGATION. 

Augeo, auxi, auctum, to increase, improve, 

Caveo, cavi, cautum, to beware. 

Censeo, ceusui, censum, to be of opinion. 

Deleo, delevi, deletum, to destroy. 

Doceo, docui, doctum, to teach. 

Fleo, flevi, fletum, to Aveep. 

Indulgeo, indulsi, iiidulsnm, to indulge. 

Jtibeo, jussi, jussum, to bid. 

Maneo, mansi, mansum, to remain. 

Misceo, miscui, mixtum or mistum, to mix. 

Moveo, movi, motum, to move. 

Rldeo, risi, risum, to laugh. 

Scdeo, sedi, sessuin, to sit. 

Sufideo, suasi, suasum, to advise. 

Teneo, tenui, tentum, to hold. 

Video, vidi, visum, to see. 









21 



THIRD CONJUGATION. 

Cado, cecidi, casum, to fall. 

Caedo, cecidi, caesum, to cut down. 

Cano, cecini, cantum, to sing, foretell. 

Capio, cepi, captum, to take. 

Cedo, cessi, cessum, to yield. 

Cerno, crevi, cretum, to see. 

Claudo, clausi, elausum, to close. 

Colo, colui, cultum, to cultivate. 

Credo, credidi, creditum, to trust, believe. 

Cresco, crevi, cretum, to grow. 

Cupio, cupivi, cupitum, to wish. 

Curro, cticurri, cursum, to run. 

Defendo, defendi,, defensum, to defend. 

Dico, dixi, dictum, to say. 

Duco, duxi, ductum, to lead. 

Facio, feci, factum, to do, make. 

Fero, ttili, latum, to carry, bear. 

Figo, lixi, fixum, to fasten. 

Fingo, finxi, Actum, to form. 

Flecto, flexi, flexum, to bend. 

Frango, fregi, fractum, to break. 

Ftigio, fugi, f ugitum, to flee. 

Gero, gessi, gestura, to cany. 

Jacio, jeci, j actum, to throw. 

Jungo, junxi, jnnctum, to join. 

Lego, legi, lectum, to read. 

Metuo, metui, metutum, to dread. 

MittOj misi, missum, to send. 

Parco, peperci, parsum, to spare. 

Peto, petivi, petit am, to ask. 

Pono, posui, positnm, to place. 

Premo, pressi 3 pressum, to press. 



22 

Bapio, rapui, rapt am, to snatch. 

Kego, rexi, rectum, to rale. 

Relinquo, reliqui, relictum, to leave. 

Scribo, scripsi, scriptum, to write. 

Solvo, solvi, solutum, to loosen. 

Spargo, sparsi, sparsum, to scatter. 

Statuo, statui, statutum, to resolve. 

Sumo, samsi, samtum, to take. 

Tango, tetigi, tactam, to touch. 

Tendo, tetendi, tensam and tentam, to stretch. 

Traho, traxi, tractam, to draw. 

Tribuo, tribui, tributum, to give, allot. 

Yerto, verti, vers am, to turn. 

Yinco, vici, vietum, to conquer. 

Yivo, vixi, vietum, to live. 



FOURTH CONJUGATION. 
Haurio, hausi, haustum, to draw. 
Sentio, sensi, sensum, to feel. 
Sepclio, ivi, sepultum, to bury. 
Yenio, veni, ventum, to come. 
Yincio, vinxi, vinctam, to bind. 



DEPONENT VERBS. 
Arbitror, 1, to think. 
Conor, 1, to attempt. 
Cunctor, 1, to delay. 
Confiteor, fessus sum, 2, to confess. 
Tueor, tuitus sum, 2, to defend. 
Yereor, Veritas sum, 2, to fear. 
Loquor, locutus sum, 3, to speak. 



23 



]Nanciscor, nactus sum, 3, to obtain. 
Patior, passus sum, 3 to suffer. 
Proficiscor, profectus sum, 3, to depart. 
Queror, questus sum, 3 to complain. 
Sequor, secutus sum, 3, to follow. 
Experior, expertus sum, 4, to try. 
Mentior, mentltus sum, 4, to lie. 
Molior, molitus sum, 4, to plan. 






NEW AND CONCISE METHOD 



OP RECITING 



LATIN VERBS 



ADAPTED TO ANY LATIN GRAMMAR. 



BY 



MARTIN BAHLER, A.M., 

Principal of a Classical School at Newark, New Jersey. 



. 



NEWARK, N. J.: 
MARTIN E. DENNIS 

187-->. 



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